Unlike the stinging sensation often associated with “acids” in skincare, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) works completely differently because it is not an exfoliant. While acids like glycolic or salicylic acid work by dissolving the bonds between dead skin cells to peel away the surface (a process called keratolysis), hypochlorous acid works through oxidation. It mimics your body’s natural immune response to neutralize bacteria, reduce inflammation, and repair damaged skin without removing any layers or lowering your skin’s pH to irritating levels.
The "Acid" Misnomer
In the world of skincare chemistry, the word "acid" simply refers to the pH level of a solution, not necessarily its function. Most skincare enthusiasts are accustomed to exfoliating acids (Alpha Hydroxy Acids and Beta Hydroxy Acids) or hydrating acids (Hyaluronic Acid). Hypochlorous acid sits in a category of its own: antimicrobial and reparative acids.
Because HOCl is naturally created by your white blood cells (neutrophils) to fight off pathogens, your skin cells recognize it. This "biological compatibility" allows it to destroy harmful bacteria—like C.5 acnes (acne) or S. aureus (eczema)—without harming the healthy tissue around it.
HOCl vs. Exfoliating Acids (AHAs & BHAs)7
The primary difference lies in the mechanism of action. AHAs (like Glycolic and Lactic Acid) and BHAs (Salicylic Acid) are designed to strip the skin. They require a low, acidic pH (typically between 3.0 and 4.0) to effectively loosen the "glue" holding dead skin cells together. This process promotes cell turnover but can damage the moisture barrier if overused, leading to redness and sensitivity.
In contrast, hypochlorous acid is pH-neutral (ideally around 5.5, matching the skin’s natural acid mantle).9 It does not increase cell turnover or cause peeling. Instead of stripping the skin, it disinfects the surface. This makes it safe to use twice daily, even on the most sensitive or compromised skin barriers, whereas exfoliating acids generally require "rest days" to avoid irritation.
HOCl vs. Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
It is also important to distinguish HOCl from Hyaluronic Acid. While both are gentle, they serve opposite but complementary purposes. Hyaluronic Acid is a humectant; its sole job is to attract and hold water molecules to plump the skin. It has no antimicrobial properties.
HOCl and HA actually work beautifully together. Since HOCl kills bacteria and reduces inflammation, applying it first creates a clean, calm canvas. Following up with Hyaluronic Acid helps lock in moisture. Think of HOCl as the "clean-up crew" and Hyaluronic Acid as the "water supply."
The Science of Gentle Oxidation
The efficacy of hypochlorous acid comes from its ability to break down the cell walls of bacteria and viruses through oxidation. When HOCl touches a microbe, it destroys the proteins in the cell membrane, effectively neutralizing the threat within seconds.
However, because it is a weak acid, it is incredibly gentle on mammalian cells (human skin). Research shows that while it is potent enough to disinfect surgical wounds, it preserves fibroblasts—the cells responsible for creating collagen and healing the skin. This is why it is frequently used to treat chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers and helps speed up recovery from acne lesions without the scarring often caused by harsh scrubbing or picking.
Who Should Use It?
Because it works differently from stripping acids, HOCl is a universal ingredient. It is particularly beneficial for:
- Acne-Prone Skin: It kills C.18 acnes bacteria without drying out the skin like Benzoyl Peroxide.19
- Eczema & Rosacea: It reduces the "bio-burden" of bacteria on the skin surface, which often triggers flare-ups, while calming redness.20
- Post-Workout: It instantly neutralizes sweat and bacteria to prevent breakouts when you can't shower immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use hypochlorous acid with Vitamin C or Retinol?
Yes, but let it dry first. Because HOCl is an oxidizer, it can theoretically deactivate antioxidants like Vitamin C if mixed while wet. Spray HOCl, wait for it to dry completely (about 30-60 seconds), and then apply your serums.
Will it bleach my clothes?
No. While it smells faintly of chlorine (swimming pool scent) because it is part of the chlorine family, stable skincare formulations of HOCl are far too dilute to bleach fabrics.
Does it cause purging?
No. "Purging" happens when active ingredients speed up cell turnover, bringing deep clogs to the surface. Since HOCl does not exfoliate or increase turnover, it does not cause purging.
Is it safe for eyelids?
Yes. In fact, HOCl is widely used in ophthalmology to treat blepharitis (eyelid inflammation) and styes because it is safe for the delicate skin around the eyes.
Disclaimer: The content provided in this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
If you’re looking for a hypochlorous acid spray to support your skin barrier, you can learn more about our formulation here. It’s also available through select retailers, including Amazon.
References:
[1] Del Rosso, J. Q., & Bhatia, N. (2018). Status Report on Topical Hypochlorous Acid: Clinical Relevance of Specific Formulations, Potential Modes of Action, and Study Outcomes. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 11(11), 36–39.
[2] Tang, S. C., & Yang, J. H. (2018). Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin. Molecules, 23(4), 863.
[3] Wang, L., et al. (2007). Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent. Journal of Burns and Wounds, 6, e14.
[4] Sakarya, S., et al. (2014). Hypochlorous Acid: An Ideal Wound Care Agent With Powerful Microbicidal, Antibiofilm, and Wound Healing Potency.25 Wounds, 26(12), 342-350.
Written by
Honeydew Labs Team
